Undergraduate Courses

1 Introduction to Biology for Engineers. (Cross-listed as Engineering Science 11.) Fundamental concepts and understanding of biological principles, particularly as they relate to engineering disciplines. Does not count towards the biology major. Prerequisites: Mathematics 11 and Chemistry 1, or consent. Fall. Kaplan

2 Biology and the American Social Contract. Scientific background of such biological issues as teaching of evolution and the creationist viewpoint, risk assessment and the causes of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, genetic engineering in medical and agricultural research, the use of animals and humans in research. Case studies of the impact of public and private interests on biological research in the United States. Spring. Romero

3 Fundamentals of Biology. An introductory course for potential biology majors who do not have a strong high school science background and for nonscience majors who are interested in a general introduction to biology. Selected topics in cell structure and function, energy transformations in living systems, genetics, and physiology. A student who earns a grade of B- or better in Biology 3 may use this course instead of Biology 13 as a prerequisite for more advanced courses. Credit cannot be received for both Biology 3 and Biology 13. Fall. Lynch

4 Gross Anatomy. (Cross-listed as Occupational Therapy 102.) See Occupational Therapy for course description.

5 Neuroanatomy. (Cross-listed as Occupational Therapy 103.) See Occupational Therapy for course description.

7 Environmental Biology. An examination of major natural and created ecosystems and human influences on them. Ecological bases for sound land use and pollution abatement. Fall. Reed

8 Human Heredity. The basics of human genetics for students not majoring in the biological sciences. Cells and chromosomes, Mendelian genetics, sex-linkage, sex determination, what is a gene, genetic testing including forensics and pre-natal diagnosis, embryonic stem cells, genetically modified foods, cancer, genes and human behavior. Prerequisite: high school biology. Spring. Siegel

9 Physiology. (Cross-listed as Occupational Therapy 101.) See Occupational Therapy for course description. Fall

10 Plants and Humanity. Principles of botany accenting economic aspects and multicultural implications of plants, their medicinal products, crop potential, and biodiversity. Emphasis placed on global aspects of this dynamic science, with selected topics on acid rain, deforestation, biotechnology, and other applications. Also covered are medicinal, poisonous, and psychoactive species, as well as nutritional sources from seaweeds and mushrooms to mangos and durians. Spring. Ellmore

11 Kinesiology. (Cross-listed as Occupational Therapy 104.) See Occupational Therapy for course description. Fall

13 Cells and Organisms. An introductory course primarily for prospective biology majors. General biological principles and widely used methods related to current advances in cell and molecular biology, genetics, immunology, plant and biomedical sciences. Three lectures and one laboratory each week. Prerequisites: advanced high school chemistry and biology recommended. Fall. Members of the department

14 Organisms and Population. Forms a logical sequel to Biology 13. Selected topics in animal and plant physiology, development, genetics, and population biology, with emphasis on evolutionary mechanisms. Three lectures and one laboratory each week. Prerequisite: Biology 13 strongly recommended. Spring. Members of the department

16 Bioscience Challenge Seminars. Weekly seminar given by practicing scientists to convey how research is done in different fields, and relevant readings and discussion. Half course credit, pass-fail grading. Prerequisites: concurrent enrollment in an introductory science course and consent. Spring. Feldberg

41 General Genetics. Basic concepts of classical and molecular genetics, including Mendelian genetics, genetic mapping, recombination, the genetic code, gene transcription and translation, regulation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, genetic engineering, and human chromosomal abnormalities. Prerequisite: Biology 13 or equivalent. Fall/Summer. Freudenreich, Siegel

46 Cell Biology. Basic concepts of cellular organization, function, regulation. Emphasis on molecular/biochemical approach to fundamentals of bioenergetics; plasma membrane functions such as transport, secretion, and signal transduction; organelle function and biogenesis; cell growth and division. Prerequisite: Biology 13 and 14 or equivalent. (Group A.) Spring. Lynch

49 Experiments in Physiology. Investigation of several laboratory problems drawn from various areas of physiology. Fall. Trimmer and Members of the department

50 Experiments in Molecular Biology. Similar to Biology 49, but investigating a series of laboratory problems using modern techniques of biotechnology. Gene cloning, recombinant protein expression, protein biochemistry, and immunochemistry are emphasized for teaching state-of-the-art laboratory skills and for reinforcing basic concepts of modern molecular biology. One laboratory session per week plus one discussion period. Prerequisites: sophomore standing and Biology 13 or equivalent. Open only to majors in biology, biochemistry, and chemical engineering. Spring. Fuhrman and members of the department

51 Experiments in Ecology. An introduction to field research in different habitats. Emphasis on acquiring skills in taxonomic identification, sampling techniques, hypothesis testing and experimental design, data analysis and interpretation, as well as oral and written communication. Opportunity for student-designed group research projects on ecological questions. One laboratory session per week plus one discussion period. Prerequisites: sophomore standing and Biology 14 or equivalent. Fall. Orians and members of the department

52 Experiments in Cell Biology. Investigation of several laboratory problems using standard techniques of cell biology. Emphasis on subcellular fractionation, microscopy, cell culture, and chromatography. One laboratory session per week plus one discussion period. Prerequisites: sophomore standing and Biology 13 or equivalent. Spring. Lynch & McLaughlin

53 Experiments in Genetics. Experimental investigations of inheritance using techniques of classical genetics and molecular biology. Mendelian inheritance, bacterial genetics, PCR, Southern blotting, population genetics plus a required semester project. Emphasis on laboratory technique, data collection and analysis. One laboratory session per week plus additional lab work for the semester project. One course credit. Pre- or co-requisite: Biology 41. Fall. Gaudette

62 Molecular Biotechnology. (Cross-listed as Chemical and Biological Engineering 62) Overview of key aspects of molecular biology and engineering aspects of biotechnology. Lecture topics include molecular biology, recombinant DNA techniques, immunology, cell biology, protein purification, fermentation, cell culture, combinatorial methods, and bioinformatics. (Group A.) (May be taken at the 100-level with consent) Prerequisite: consent. Fall. Kaplan

75 Comparative Vertebrate Physiology. A comparative study of vertebrate function. Physiology of selected systems, including digestion, circulation, excretion, respiration, and temperature regulation. Emphasis on physiological adaptations to the environment. Three lectures. Prerequisites: Biology 13L and 14. One year of chemistry recommended. (Group B.) Fall 2007 and alternate years. Bernheim

93, 94 Introduction to Research. At least ten hours per week of guided laboratory research, generally including one hour of consultation or seminar with research supervisor and a paper. Details of individual project to be worked out with the supervisor. Gives students an opportunity to participate in biological research on the Tufts Medford/Somerville and Boston campuses. Does not satisfy laboratory or course requirement for the major in biology. May be counted as credit toward degree only. Prerequisites: three courses in biology, or equivalent, and prior consent of the course coordinator. Variable course credit. Pass-fail grading. Members of the department

97 Contemporary Biosocial Problems in America. The application of basic biological theory to modern social problems in America. Among the major issues examined are those connected with race, sex roles, environment, and genetic determinism. Prerequisites: junior standing and Bio 13. Fall Feldberg

99 Professional Development Seminar. For biology majors engaged in research and/or interested in postgraduate opportunities in biology. Students share their own research results and experience, discuss some current research literature, hear invited speakers, and receive guidance for research careers. One hour meeting weekly. No credit. Prerequisites: junior standing, current or recent experience in research, and consent. Members of the department

Graduate and Undergraduate Courses

102 Human Genetics. Applications of the principles and methods of modern genetics to problems in human heredity. Topics include genetic diagnosis and screening, gene therapy, transgenics, imprinting, mapping, cancer, and behavioral genetics. Prerequisite: Biology 41. (Group A.) Fall. Siegel

103 Developmental Biology. Basic concepts of developmental biology with emphasis on the molecular events underlying the morphological changes that occur during development. Examples will be drawn from a number of phyla to illustrate developmental mechanisms, e.g., gametogenesis, cleavage, organogenesis and determination, cell-cell interactions, induction, and programs of gene activation. Prerequisite: Biology 41 or 46. (Group A.) Fall. Ernst, McLaughlin

104 Immunology. Concepts of modern immunology and their importance in biology. Topics include humoral and cellular immune responses, antibody structure and biosynthesis, antigen-antibody interactions, cellular immunology, immunological tolerance, autoimmunity, and tumor immunology. Prerequisite: Biology 41. (Group A.) Fall. Bernheim

105 Molecular Biology. Gene structure and function in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, fundamentals of recombinant DNA technology. Mechanisms of DNA replication, recombination, transcription, and protein synthesis are emphasized. Advanced topics including gene expression during cell differentiation, retroviral infection, and regulation of cell proliferation are based on current literature. Prerequisite: Biology 41. (Group A.) Spring.

106 Microbiology. A survey to provide a general understanding of bacteria and viruses. Bacterial structure, growth, ecology, pathogenic mechanisms, and viral life cycles. The laboratory will familiarize students with microbiological methods and various groups of microorganisms. Three lectures, one laboratory per week. Prerequisites: one intermediate biology course, or equivalent, and Chemistry 2. (Group A.) Spring. Siegel

108 Plant Development. Structural and physiological aspects of plant development. Genetic and environmental influences on development as these pertain to germination, root and shoot growth, plant sexuality, and flowering. Information on corn, bean, and tobacco systems will be extended to diverse groups such as cacti, ferns, bromelaids, water plants, parasitic and carnivorous plants. Prerequisites: Biology 13 and 14, or equivalent. (Group B.) Spring 2007 and alternate years. Ellmore

110 Endocrinology. A comprehensive introduction to the chemical and physiological principle of hormonal integration in animals. Topics include endocrine regulation of metabolism, growth and development, reproduction, neural functions, mineral and water balance, behavior, and nutrition. Prerequisites: Biology 13L and 14, or equivalent. One semester of organic chemistry recommended. (Group B.) Fall. Romero

115 General Physiology I. Elements of homeostasis, circulation, respiration, and excretion are discussed at various levels, from the molecular to the organ system. Prerequisites: Biology 13 and 14, or equivalent. (Group B.) Fall 2006 and alternate years. Bernheim, Cochrane

116 General Physiology II. Elements of homeostasis and of endocrine, digestive, nervous, and muscular systems are discussed at various levels, from the molecular to the organ system. Prerequisites: same as for Biology 115. (Group B.) Spring 2007 and alternate years. Cochrane, Bernheim

118 Plant Physiology. Interaction of living plant components performing biological functions including water transport, mineral uptake, movements, and signalling between plant parts in response to environmental cues. Prerequisites: Biology 13 and 14, or equivalent. Introductory chemistry recommended. (Group B.) Spring 2006 and alternate years. Ellmore

130 Animal Behavior. An examination of ethological theory: the development of behavior, orientation, migration, communication, and social behavior. Particular emphasis will be placed on the functioning of animal societies. Prerequisites: Biology 13 and 14, or equivalent. (Group C.) Spring. Starks

131 Principles of Medical Imaging. (Cross-listed as Electrical Engineering 131). This interdisciplinary course presents the principles of medical imaging techniques such as disgnostic ultrasound, radiography, X-ray, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). For each imaging modality, topics include the physical principles, key aspects of instrumentation design, mathematical methods, and the anatomical/physiological information content of the images. Representative medical images will be discussed and interpreted. This course cannot be taken for basic science requirement for engineering students. Prerequisites: Mathematics 11, Physics 2 or 12, or consent. Fantini

132 Biostatistics. An examination of statistical methods for designing, analyzing, and interpreting biological experiments and observations. Topics include probability, parameter estimation, inference, correlation, regression, analysis of variance, and nonparametric methods. Prerequisites: Biology 13 and 14, or equivalent, plus one additional biology course. Fall 2007. Lewis

134 Neurobiology. Biology of nervous systems. From the biophysical basis of neuronal function, through synaptic interactions and signal processing in neural circuits, to behavior, learning, and memory. Examples from both vertebrates and invertebrates. Prerequisites: Biology 13 and 14, plus one Group A course in biology or Psychology 103. (Group B.) Spring. Trimmer

142 Population and Community Ecology. Introduction to population dynamics and community structure, including adaptations to the physical environment, competition, predator-prey interactions, mutualism, and community structure. Writing-workshop format. Graduate section available as Biology 195E. Prerequisites: Biology 13, 14, and English 2. (Group C.) Fall 2007 and alternate years. Chew

143 Evolutionary Ecology. Theory and evidence on mechanisms of evolutionary change in natural populations. Population genetics, speciation, biogeography, biochemical coevolution, life history strategies, sexual selection, and genetics of endangered species. Prerequisites: Biology 13, 14, 41, or equivalent. (Group C.) Fall 2006 and alternate years. Chew, Orians

144 Principles of Conservation Biology. Learning and appplication of principles from population ecology, population genetics, and community ecology to the conservation of species and ecosystems. Focus on rare and endangered species, as well as threatened ecosystems. Includes applications from animal behavior, captive breeding, and wildlife management. Readings from current texts and primary literature. Prerequisite: Biology 14 or equivalent. (Group C.) Spring 2007 and alternate years. Reed

152 Biochemistry and Cellular Metabolism. An in-depth examination of the structure and function of biomolecules: chemical and physical properties of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids; enzyme kinetics and mechanisms; metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids and the metabolic relationships of organ systems. Three lectures. Prerequisites: Biology 13 and Chemistry 51 or 50. (Group A.) Spring. Feldberg, Gaudette

153 Seminar in Biochemistry. Lectures on selected topics in biochemistry at an advanced level. Prerequisite: Biology 152 or equivalent.(Group A.) Feldberg

162 Molecular Biotechnology. (Cross-listed as Chemical and Biological Engineering 162.) See Biology 62 for course description. Includes a semester-long technical project and oral presentation. (Group A) Prerequisite: consent. Kaplan

164 Marine Biology. An intermediate-level introduction to the biology of marine organisms. Following a detailed survey of marine animal and plant groups, the course will consider aspects of biology that are particularly relevant to marine organisms: adaptation to salinity and temperature fluctuation, bioluminescence and its ecological significance, locomotory mechanics, food-chain dynamics, dispersal and substrate selection, and control of species diversity. Prerequisites: Biology 13 and 14, or equivalent. (Group C.) Spring. Pechenik

168 Biotechnology Projects Laboratory. (Cross-listed as Chemical and Biological Engineering 168). See Chemical and Biological Engineering 168 for description. Spring.

169 Seminar in Biotechnology. (Cross-listed as Chemical and Biological Engineering 169). See Chemical and Biological Engineering 169 for description.

171 Biochemistry I. (Cross-listed as Chem 171) First course in a two-course sequence. Chemistry of biological molecules: proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, etc. Mechanisms of enzyme and ribozyme catalysis. Metabolic pathways, integrated metabolic systems, and molecular physiology. Prerequisites: Bio 13, Chem 52. Fall. Members of the faculty of the Chemistry and Biology Departments.

172 Biochemistry II. (Cross-listed as Chem 172) Continuation of Chem 171. Prerequisites: Bio 171. Spring. Members of the faculty of the Chemistry and Biology Departments.

174 Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering. (Cross-listed as Chemical Engineering 164.) Synthesis, characterization, and functional properties of organic and inorganic biomaterials and the process of tissue engineering are covered. Fundamental issues related to the utility of biomaterials are explored based on their biocompatability, stability, interfaces, and fate in the body. Clinical applications for biomaterials are explored, as are new directions in design and synthesis to achieve better biocompatibility. Testing methods, regulatory issues, legal constraints, and emerging research directions are also discussed. Prerequisite: consent. Spring. Kaplan, Vunjak

177 Topics in Inflammation. Study of processes involved in mammalian inflammatory reactions. Reading and discussion of the current literature will be emphasized. Selected topics include leukocyte chemotaxis and phagocytosis, generation of inflammatory agents, allergic reactions, autoimmune diseases, and basic immunologic processes. Prerequisite: consent. (Group A.) Spring. Cochrane

178 Seminar in Immunology. Advanced topics in immunology. Readings and discussion of the current literature emphasized. Topics include antigen presentation. T-cell activation, cytokine release and effects, self-and non-self recognition, and immunopathology of HIV. Prerequisite: Biology 104 and consent. (Group A) Spring 2006 and alternate years. Bernheim

179 Seminar in Marine Biology. Exploration of the primary scientific literature in areas selected by mutual consent. Topics may include symbiotic interactions, migration and dispersal, larval ecology, adult feeding and locomotory biology, responses to pollutants, and physiology of deep-sea animals. Strong focus on developing critical reading skills and effective writing through frequent, short assignments. Prerequisites: junior standing and Biology 164 or consent. (Group C.) Fall 2005 and alternate years. Pechenik

180 Seminar in Conservation Biology. Advanced topics in conservation biology. Readings and discussion of the current literature emphasized. Topics will change each year; example topics are landscape ecology, dynamics and conservation of small populations, and restoration ecology. Prerequisite: Biology 142, 143 or 144 or consent. (Group C) Spring 2006 and alternate years. Reed

181ww Tropical Ecology/Conservation. (Cross-listed as ENV 181ww) This seminar and field trip is designed to provide students with an in depth understanding of tropical ecology and first-hand experience in tropical Central America. Topics to be covered include 1) community ecology, 2) ecosystem ecology, 3) physiological ecology, 4) plant-animal interactions, 5) conservation biology, and 6) reforestation. In addition to weekly readings, discussions, and writing assignments, students will write a grant proposal and present it to the class. Over winter break we will travel to Costa Rica for an intensive two-week field experience. We will gain hands-on research experience in contrasting habitats and learn about conservation efforts in Costa Rica. A typical 2-day schedule will be a morning hike followed by meetings to design group experiments, data collection in the afternoon, an evening lecture or discussion, further data collection the next morning, data analysis in the afternoon, and oral presentations that evening. Although the conditions will often be uncomfortable (very hot and humid), this is an excellent opportunity to witness the stunning beauty and diversity of Costa Rica. Estimated cost of this trip is $1,500 (financial aid may be available). This is a HIGH DEMAND course. Fall 2007 and alternate years. (Group C) Prerequisite: Bio 14 and permission of Dr. Orians.

182 Seminar in Cell Signaling: Life, Death & Disease. In order to demonstrate the importance and processes of cellular communication, this course will focus on three areas of research: life (i.e. cancer, stem cells, teratomas), death (programmed cell death, apoptosis) and disease (syndromes and developmental anomalies). During the semester students will be expected to present and read papers from the current literature, design and write a research proposal, and become familiar with selected signal transduction pathways. Prerequisites: Bio 41 or equivalent. McLaughlin

183 Seminar in Darwinian Medicine. The mechanistic vs. evolutionary causes of diseases and modern medical practice. Focus on the evolutionary causes of disease as a means of sharpening research skills, and the understanding and application of Darwinian thought. Evolutionary hypothesis creation and testing in the form of both oral and manuscript form. Rationale: As evolution is relevant to virtually every aspect of biology, students should learn how to take a Darwinian approach to disease. Prerequisite: Bio 130. (Group C) Spring. Starks

185 Seminar in Plant Biotechnology. Focus on current research in plant biotechnology. Topics include use of recombinant DNA to create transgenic plants, growth of Bt corn and its effect on monarch butterflies, herbicide-resistant plants, and production by plants of vaccines and antibodies to prevent human diseases. (Group A,B,C) Dr. Lynch Prerequisites: Bio 41 or equivalent required. Fall. Lynch

187 The Mammalian Central Nervous System. Functional organization of the mammalian brain and spinal cord, including cellular structure, functional circuitry and behavioral correlates, and gross anatomy. Emphasis on areas of current research. Two lecture-laboratory/demonstration sessions. May not be applied toward fulfillment of the laboratory requirement in biology. Prerequisites: Biology 13 and 14, or equivalent, junior standing, and consent. (Group B.) Spring. Jacobson

188 Seminar in Molecular Biology and Genetics. Current topics in molecular biology, genetics and genomics, studied through readings from the original literature. Focus will be on studies recognized by the Nobel Prize Committee as pivotal to modern molecular biology and genetics. These studies and current research directions that follow from them will be covered using a combination of lectures, class discussion, and presentations. Selected topics of current interest to be covered include genome structure and polymorphisms as related to human disease, RNA functioning in the regulation of gene expression, and cell cycle regulation and cancer. (Group A) Prerequisites: Biology 41 and junior standing or permission of instructor. Fall 2007 and alternate years. Freudenreich, Mirkin

193, 194 Independent Research. At least seventeen hours per week of laboratory or field investigation, which must include independent design of experiments. Students write a summary of research accomplished and give an oral presentation to Members of the department. Prerequisites: junior standing, Biology 93 or 94 or equivalent, and prior consent of the course coordinator. Members of the department

193T, 194T Senior Honors Thesis. Intensive laboratory or field investigation, including independent design of experiments, a written thesis, and an oral defense. Application is made during the student's sixth semester. Normally, the applicant should have received at least three grades of A toward satisfying the concentration requirements for the biology major and should have a cumulative average of at least 3.30. Prerequisites: Biology 193 or equivalent, and prior consent of the course coordinator. Members of the department

195 Seminar in Coral Reef Biology. This seminar course will focus on reading and discussion of recent journal articles exploring ecological interactions within coral reef communities. Topics will include: coral-zooxanthellae associations, predation on corals, larval recruitment, fish mating systems, defense associations, coral-algal competition, and reef conservation. Prerequisites: Bio 13 & 14, plus one additional biology class and instructor consent. Spring. Lewis

195-01 Pharmacology of Multiorgan Diseases: treatments, therapies & cures. This course will present the key topics and drug families covered in the regular medical pharmacology course. However, the emphasis will be on processes rather than on individual drugs, especially those that could lead to inflammation in different organs and their treatment. Some examples of diseases to be discussed are arthritis, asthma, coronary artery disease and multiple sclerosis. Prerequisite: Biology 46 or equivalent. Prerequisite: Biology 46 or equivalent. Fall. Theoharides

195-02 Topics in Field Endocrinology. In this seminar format course, we will explore current topics where hormonal studies are used to illuminate physiological, behavioral, and ecological aspects of wild free-living vertebrates living in their natural habitats. The focus will be on discussing primary literature. Prerequisite: Bio 110 or permission of instructor. Romero

Additional Graduate Courses
Graduate courses include all 100 level courses and above.
The following courses are primarily for graduate students; undergraduate registration requires the consent of the instructor.

243 Topics in Molecular and Cell Biology. Topics will include regulation of gene transcription, chromatin structure and epigenetic regulation, mechanisms of chromosome segregation, DNA replication, recombination repair, genome structure and genome stability. Students will read and present papers from the current literature. Novel experimental techniques used to answer central questions will be emphasized. (Group A) Prerequisite: Biology 105 or consent. (Group A) Fall. Freudenreich, Ernst

244 Topics in Evolutionary Ecology. An examination of current topics in evolutionary ecology, including plant-herbivore coevolution, sexual selection, phenotypic plasticity, life-history strategies, and conservation biology. Reading and discussion of primary literature will include focus on experimental methodologies and statistical methods. Prerequisites: Biology 71 or 143, or equivalent, and consent. (Group C.) Spring 2004 and alternate years. Chew, Lewis

253-01 Graduate Student Research Rotation. A research rotation is an opportunity to explore a new area of Biology, to learn new techniques, and to become acquainted with some of the research ongoing in our department as students conduct intensive laboratory or field investigation, including independent design of experiments ending with a final oral report. Students will normally present their findings the Friday before the start of spring semester. Rotation Duration: Oral reports will be given to a group consisting of other students who have just finished a rotation, the sponsoring research mentors, members' of the students' committees, graduate students, and other interested persons. Dr. McLaughlin 1 graded credit. Prerequisite: consent.

260-01 Teaching Biology: Pedagogy and Practice. This course aims to enhance the professional development of graduate students by preparing them to teach biological sciences in academic venues that range from community colleges to Research I universities. Graduate student participants will be introduced to issues related to teaching in both lab and lecture settings and will apply effective teaching techniques in their own classrooms. Program participants will learn about pedagogy, gain practical teaching experience, and receive mentoring and formal evaluation of their teaching. The course requirements are designed to be flexible enough to be pursued alongside full-time disciplinary studies, yet ensure that participants are rigorously trained in biology-specific pedagogy. Drs. McLaughlin and McVey. 1 graded credit. Prerequisite: consent/BIO13L Teaching Assistants

291, 292 Graduate Seminar. Presentation of individual reports on basic topics to a seminar group for discussion and criticism. Credit as arranged. Members of the department

293, 294 Special Topics. Guided individual study of an approved topic. Credit as arranged. Members of the department

295, 296 Thesis. Guided research on a topic that has been approved as a suitable subject for a master's thesis. Credit as arranged. Members of the department

297, 298 Graduate Research. Guided research on a topic suitable for a doctoral dissertation. Credit as arranged. Members of the department

401PT Master's Continuation, Part-time.

402FT Master's Continuation, Full-time.

501PT Doctoral Continuation, Part-time.

502FT Doctoral Continuation, Full-time.